فصلنامه خانواده و پژوهش
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1400)

This research was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of parent verbal communication training in improving mother-daughter relationships. This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of the mothers of female seventh and eighth graders in Yazd in the first semester of 2018-19 academic year with a total population of about 1170 individuals. The instruments included the Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus, 1990) and Parent-Child Relationship Survey (Fine, Moreland & Schwebel, 1983). Among the mothers, 44 subjects who had obtained the highest scores were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received parent verbal communication training for 8 sessions and finally the posttest was administered to the two groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was utilized to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that attending parent verbal communication training reduces conflicts and improves mother-daughter relationships.

The aim of this study was to design a family-centered behavioral management program (FBMP) and to evaluate its effectiveness in marital satisfaction of parents of children with ADHD. This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest control group design with a follow-up session. The statistical population of the study comprised all parents of primary school children with ADHD in Tehran in 2018-19 school year. Using convenience sampling method, 64 parents were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (32 parents in each group). The experimental group received the family-centered behavioral management program in 10 sessions, while the control group received no intervention. The instruments included Conners' Parent and Teacher Rating Scale (1999) and Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (AMSS). The Data were analyzed by Split-plot ANOVA (SPANOVA). Results revealed that family-centered behavioral management program (FBMP) had a significant, positive effect on the marital satisfaction of parents of children with ADHD. These results were stable over the two-month follow-up period. Low generalizability of the findings is among the limitations of the study. It recommended that further research be carried out on the reduction of familial stress symptoms in the context of other statistical populations and cultures. In addition, designing school-based programs is suggested.

The present study set out to compare perceived parental rearing styles and maladaptive schemas in students with social anxiety and normal students. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all female students studying in senior high schools in Baharestan County (Tehran Province) in 2013-14 academic year. Cluster sampling method was used and 140 students were selected via Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). In the next step, a sample of 70 students with social anxiety disorder and a sample of 70 students without social anxiety completed: (a) Young Parenting Inventory (YPI, 1994) a questionnaire measuring perception of parental rearing styles, and (b) Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF, 1998) a questionnaire measuring maladaptive schemas. Results showed that students with social anxiety reported higher levels of emotionally depriving parenting, belittling parenting, controlling parenting, and punitive parenting compared to the normal group. Moreover, the students with social anxiety had higher levels of maladaptive schemas in comparison with the normal group (except for unrelenting standards and enmeshment/undeveloped self). These findings are consistent with the notion that family environment factors such as parental rearing styles and maladaptive schemas may contribute to social anxiety symptoms.

This study sought to compare the role of family functioning in self-worth and happiness of slow-paced individuals with Down syndrome in Tehran and Baku. The present research had a causal-comparative (ex post facto) design. The research population was comprised of adults with Down syndrome some of whom had the Alzheimer’s disease. Purposive sampling method was utilized and 40 adults with Down syndrome in Baku and 40 individuals with Down syndrome in Tehran were selected. The sample, thus, included those who suffered from Down syndrome with Alzheimer and those suffering from Down syndrome without this disease. The instruments included NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and Oxford Happiness Inventory (Argyle et al., 1989). Results of MANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups as to the personality traits and happiness. The mean of personality traits including conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness and extraversion was higher in Baku than Tehran, except for neuroticism which was higher in Tehran. These differences may be due to the special educational methods in Down syndrome centres in Baku, and the fact that adults with Down syndrome are safe and free in Baku. Therefore, implementation of new changes in the current educational and caregiving systems in Tehran is highly recommended.

This study examined the relations among communication patterns, love schemas and marital commitment with mediation of love styles. This research had a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of the study comprised all married female teachers in public schools of Tabriz in 2017-18 school year. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was utilized and 237 teachers were selected. The instruments included Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christensen & Sullaway, 1984), Love Schema Scale (Singelis, Choo & Hatfield, 1995), Marital Commitment Inventory (Adams & Jones, 1997), and Love Styles Scale (Sternberg, 1986). The proposed model was evaluated using SPSS23 and SmartPLS3. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relations among the variables of the research.  The results revealed that the communication patterns directly and indirectly predicted marital commitment in a negative way and directly predicted love styles in a positive way. Moreover, the love schemas directly and indirectly predicted marital commitment in a positive way and directly and positively predicted love styles. Furthermore, love styles directly predicted marital commitment in a positive way. The findings of the study can be used by family consultants to identify individuals prone to extramarital affairs in order to help them achieve higher levels of mental well-being.

This study was carried out to investigate the impact of problem solving skills training on teacher-student relationship and life satisfaction. This quasi-experimental research had a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study comprised all sixth grade female students in Robat Karim in 2019-2020 academic year. Convenience sampling method was used and 60 subjects were chosen and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (30 subjects each group). In addition to a demographic information sheet, two questionnaires were utilized: The Inventory of Teacher-Student Relationships (Murray & Zvoch, 2011) and Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 2001). Results of analysis of covariance showed that problem solving skills training had a significant effect on satisfaction with the relationship with family members, satisfaction with school life, and self-satisfaction in the experimental group (p<0.05); however, there was no significant effect on satisfaction with the immediate community and people in the respondents’ neighborhood and adolescents’ satisfaction with their peers (p>0.05). The results also revealed that problem-solving skills training led to improvement of all the three dimensions of teacher-student relationship (communication, support and alienation) in the experimental group (p<0.05). Educational counselors and educators apparently need to use problem-solving skills training to help students with problems such as conflict with teachers and dissatisfaction.

This study aimed at determining the effect of meta-cognitive strategies training on self-directed learning, critical thinking tendencies and creativity of male students. This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all male senior high school students in Kuhdasht in 2018-19 school year (1933 pupils) from among whom 40 students were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental (N= 20) and control groups (N= 20). Both groups completed Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (Fisher, King & Tague, 2001), Critical Thinking Disposition Questionnaire (Ricketts, 2003), Creativity Scale, and Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Schraw & Dennison, 1994) as the pretest. Then, the meta-cognitive strategies training was administered to the experimental group in ten 50-minute sessions. At the end of the training, the four research instruments were again given to both experimental and control groups as the posttest. The data were analyzed by using multivariate covariance analysis. The results indicated that metacognitive strategies training increased self-directed learning (p≤ 0.01), critical thinking tendencies (p≤ 0.01) and creativity (p≤ 0.01). Accordingly, it can be suggested to managers, counselors and educational authorities and policymakers that special attention be paid to the significant and undeniable role of meta-cognitive strategies to enhance self-directed learning, students' critical thinking and creativity. Furthermore, meta-cognitive strategies should be reinforced by holding workshops and seminars for students.

The purpose of this study was to predict the use of cyberspace based on the social and cultural interactions of family members. This study had a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of 21,000 married citizens living in Rasht in 2019. The research sample consisted of 378 individuals who were selected through Cochran's formula and random cluster sampling method. The instrument included a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods including Pearson correlation, multiple regression and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the use of cyberspace and family members' interactions. The value of correlation coefficient (R) between variables was 0.532 which shows a relatively strong association between the set of independent variables and the dependent variable (family members’ interactions). Nevertheless, the value of the adjusted coefficient (R2), which is equal to 0.283, shows that 28.3% of the total changes in family members' interactions depend on the independent variable, i.e., the use of cyberspace.